Work to Be Done.

Introduction: The poem ‘Dad’ explores the author, Elaine Feinstein’s life and the feelings surrounding the passing of her father. The poem was written a year and a half after her father’s death as she tried to come to terms with her feelings of grief and sadness towards losing a loved one. Elaine Feinstein reflects on the images she has of her father. The themes that evolve throughout the poem ‘Dad’ are those of grief for the father she has lost, love and great sorrow. â€Å"Every day I grieve†, demonstrates the degree of loss the author feels towards her father’s death.Fond memories of her father caring sacks of potatoes, fresh eggs and flowers show the great love she feels towards her father. She feels sorrow for all the childhood memories that she has lost. At the start of the poem the tone is one of fondness as the author describes the characteristics of her father such as his hat and his soft heavy hand. This gives the reader an idea that it was when she was a child and that her dad was that to protect and comfort her. In stanza two the tone and mood is one of great grief and sadness as the author remembers how her father became ill. you beached: cold, white-faced, shivering† Gives the impression that the man or her father was in hospital with some illness about to pass away. In stanza three the tone turns to one of disbelief as the author questions how her father became ill. Her loyal warrior became ill and attached to a hospital monitor. This enforce that the author never believed that becoming ill and end up in hospital was an option for him. In the last stanza the mood and tone becomes one of great sorrow and loss towards the childhood memories that she had of her father.Throughout this poem there are several different types of poetic devices used to enhance the images of this man’s past life. These include: personification, metaphors, similes and imagery. In the first stanza the only p oetic device was personification. This was evident in the very first sentence, â€Å"Your old hat hurts me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  For this sentence the hat is suggested to be hurting someone giving it a human characteristic meaning that the sentence contains personification. It portrays the image of a little child wearing a hat that falls over his eyes.The purpose of the imagery is to show where the poem starts off; when the author was a child describing what his earliest memories were like. In the second stanza the most significant poetic device was a metaphor. This could be found at the end of the stanza, â€Å"you beached: cold, white-faced, shivering. † This metaphor is comparing the man or dad to a beached whale suggesting he is sick or reached a difficult obstacle. The image put forward is of the father lying in a hospital bed with some illness.The author has gradually worked to this image, each sentence is about the author’s memories this is a recent memory, unlike the others which were from when the author was younger. In the third stanza an important sentence for imagery is, â€Å"What happened, old bull, my loyal hoarse-voiced warrior? † The image captured in this sentence is of someone questioning how this could have happened to such a determined and wilful man. This suggests that the now old man had such an effect on the narrator/author that they thought the old man could never be stopped but they were proved wrong.This adds to the mood of the poem as well. In the final stanza the most obvious poetic device was a simile. In the sentence, â€Å"the earth as chosen as a bed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is where the simile is. It is comparing the earth of a grave-pit to a bed or final resting place suggesting that someone may have passed away. The image received is of a funeral where they are at the point of lowering the coffin into the grave where he shall rest for eternity. It means that the once strong and determined ‘dad’ has given in. Conclusion:

The Effects Of Hydration Health And Social Care Essay

Blood force per unit area, or the sum of force exerted on our arterias as blood is pumped through them, is frequently measured to estimate an person ‘s general province of wellness ( James 2010 ) . Age, weight, dietetic wonts, emotional conditions, and general fittingness all contribute to arterial blood force per unit area ( Weedman and Sokoloski 2009 ) . It has been confirmed by recent surveies that environmental factors, like quicksilver exposure, can act upon an addition in blood force per unit area over clip ( Valera et al 2009 ) . About tierce of grownups worldwide suffer from high blood pressure, or high blood force per unit area ( Castaneda-Bueno and Gamba 2010 ) . Using a factor of our ain, the lab pupils conducted an experiment to prove the association between desiccation and blood force per unit area. I hypothesized that desiccation had a direct relationship with high blood force per unit area and bosom rate ; that is, the more dehydrated an person, the higher their blood force per unit area and bosom rate would be. With increased hydration, blood force per unit area and bosom rates would diminish to endorse to basal rates. The significance of this peculiar analysis is to prove whether hydration degrees in an single influences their blood force per unit area and/or bosom rates. A similar experiment has been performed with hydration and blood force per unit area, and the consequences show that desiccation in babies may take to future high blood force per unit area in grownups ( Smith et al 2006 ) .MATERIALS AND METHODSTo run our experiment, we used an instrument called a â€Å" sphygmomanometer † to mensurate our arterial blood force per unit area. The group of topics dwelling of 26 pupils conducted three basal readings, before devouring H2O, at a somewhat dehydrated province. After two hours, our desiccation degrees were higher. Using our three basal readings we antecedently collected for control variables, we instantly began imbibing room-temperature H2O. I consumed about 16 ounces before taking the first of five blood force per unit area measurings, each done three proceedingss apart, for a corporate 12 proceedingss of appraising. Blood force per unit area, in this instance, would be the dependent variable, whereas the sum of H2O consumed ( hydration degree ) would be the independent variable. After carry oning the experiment and entering each blood force per unit area and bosom rate measuring, the group ‘s information was consolidated. Using all of the collected information, I averaged the blood force per unit areas and bosom rates, computed the p-values utilizing several of the informations sets coupled with the last measurings ( after 12 proceedingss ) by running six t-tests, and found the scopes of overall blood force per unit area and bosom rate.ConsequenceThis experiment was conducted to mensurate the correlativity between hydration and blood force per unit area and bosom rate. I compared six informations sets with the 12 minute station informations set by making paired t-tests ( table 5 ) , and found that three of them had a p-value of less than 0.05. This suggests that the variable alteration between the compared information sets has a less than five percent chance of happening by opportunity. The information sets that had important p-values were the radical pulse rate ( 3 ) , radical systolic blood force per unit area ( 3 ) , and diastolic blood force per unit area at clip 0. One information set, systolic blood force per unit area at clip 0, had a p-value of 0.06974 which is really close to significance but can non be considered as solid grounds. The other two informations sets, basal diastolic blood force per unit area ( 3 ) and pulse rate at clip 0, had really high p-values ( 0.407448 and 0.799202 ) and can non be used as support. The norms for systolic blood force per unit area, diastolic blood force per unit area, and bosom rate were calculated and plotted on three different charts in comparing to clip ( 0 to 12 proceedingss ) . Each of the charts illustrates similar inclinations. Get downing at a maximal value, there is an initial lessening from clip zero to six proceedingss ( values at lower limit ) . Then there is a little addition from six to nine proceedingss, and eventually, a little lessening at the terminal of the 12 proceedingss. In the instance of secret plan 3, the bosom rate mean remains changeless after six proceedingss. Harmonizing to table 4, the scopes for all pulse rates and all blood force per unit areas were calculated as 69 and 75/65, severally. Three separate tabular arraies ( 1-3 ) represent basal pulse rate and blood force per unit area norms, post-drinking pulsation rate norms ( at 12 proceedingss ) , and post-drinking blood force per unit area norms.Time ( min )036912Mean71.69 70.12 69.44 70.56 70.56Time ( min )036912Mean120/79 114/70 110/66 117/77 114/72Data SetsOverall PROverall BPScope69 75/65Basal Pulse Rate and Blood Pressure AveragesTable 1 Table 3 Table 5Post-Drinking Pulse Rate AveragesTable 2Post-Drinking Blood Pressure AveragesT-test Consequences( All paired with 12 min post informations )Scopes for Pulse Rates and Blood PressuresData SetsBasal PR 3Basal Systolic BP 3Basal Diastolic BP 3Time 0 PRTime 0 Systolic BPTime 0 Diastolic BPp-values0.00079 0.04239 0.407448 0.799202 0.06974 0.04954 Table 4Data SetsBasal Pulse Rate 1Basal PR 2Basal PR 3Basal Blood Pressure 1Basal BP 2Basal BP3Mean77.07692 79.23077 77.7307 112/70 110/70 107/69Time ( min )036912Systolic120114110117114Time ( min )036912Diastolic7970667772Time ( min )036912Heart Rate71.6970.11569.4470.5670.56Plot 1Plot 2Plot 3DiscussionMy hypothesis for this experiment was that increased desiccation in an person would demo increased blood force per unit areas and bosom rates. I predicted to see a dramatic lessening in these measurings from our basal readings ( dehydrated province ) to the 12 proceedingss after full hydration. After carry oning the experiment and running these t-tests with the collected information, there is important grounds to back up my hypothesis and suggest that hydration is negatively correlated with blood force per unit area and bosom rate. The value of 0.00079 agencies that the consequences of radical bosom rate ( 3 ) measurings correlate with hydration, and the chance of the diminishing tendency happening by opportunity was merely.079 % . Basal systolic blood force per unit area ( 3 ) had a p-value of.04239, and diastolic blood force per unit area at zero proceedingss had a p-value of.04954. The chances that those two occurred by opportunity were both under 5 % . This suggests that those measurings exceptionally declined as a consequence of increased hydration, which provides important grounds to back up my hypothesis. The graphs that depict blood force per unit area versus clip show that, from clip 0 to clip 12, blood force per unit area decreases from a high scope back down to a normal scope. Heart rate and blood force per unit area are, by and large, straight related, therefore my hypothesis should hold been reflected through the t-test computations of all blood force per unit area and bosom rate measurings. The three high p-values that contradict the remainder of the consequences could hold been due to input mistakes on the computing machine ; besides, some informations came up clean upon having the excel spreadsheet, hence some variables were non accounted for. Using the basal measurements we gathered from two hours before get downing this experiment likely skewed the consequences, for these Numberss could non accurately reflect what our force per unit areas and rates were at our most dehydrated province of the experiment ( right before imbibing ) . Another survey has been done to prove hydration and blood force per unit area, and the consequences show that hydration is straight related to lower resting blood force per unit area ( Patterson and Spinks 2002 ) . This survey ‘s t-test values were exhaustively important plenty to reason that the relationship between blood force per unit area and hydration is strongly, negatively correlated with one another ; as hydration increased, blood force per unit area decreased. The most of the consequences of our experiment do hold with this survey, chiefly with the significance of the low p-values and overall decision that hydration and blood force per unit area are negatively correlated. One failing in the process that I found to be a beginning of inaccuracy was the usage of basal measurings that we took at a more hydrous province than when we really started the experiment. To genuinely compare blood force per unit area and bosom rates before and after imbibing, we should hold re-measured basal rates under the most dehydrated province possible, right before we began to imbibe. Another possible failing in process was maintaining the volume of H2O invariable for every pupil. We do non cognize how much every one drank, precisely, hence consequences could hold been affected by deficient fluid ingestion and eventual rehydration. This experiment has led to the decision that hydration affects blood force per unit area and bosom rate ; from a dehydrated status, blood force per unit area and bosom rate by and large decrease as hydration additions.Literature CitedCastaneda-Bueno M, and Gamba G. Feb 2010. SPAKling insight into blood force per unit area ordinance. EMBO Molecular Medicine. 2 ( 2 ) : 39-41. James, DCS. Hypertension. FAQs.org. [ Internet ] . [ updated 2010 ] . [ cited 1 February 2010 ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.faqs.org/nutrition/Hea-Irr/Hypertension.html. Patterson SM, Spinks DE, and the Society for Psychophysiological Research. 2002. Relationship between hydration sweetening and blood force per unit area: More is better. Psychophysiology. Washington D.C. p 39. Smith GD, Leary S, Ness S, and The ALSPAC Study Team. 2006. Could dehydration in babyhood lead to high blood force per unit area? J Epidemiol Community Health. 60:142-143. Valera B, Dewailly E , and Poirier P. Nov 2009. Environmental Mercury Exposure and Blood Pressure Among Nunavik Inuit Adults. American Heart Association, Inc. 54:981. Weedman D, and Sokoloski ES. 2009. Human Cardiopulmonary Physiology. In: Biology of Organisms: Lab Manual for LIFE103, 5e. Mason, ( OH ) : Cengage Learning. p 173-184.

Behavior Traits of Successful Businesses

The planner must recognize how to balance the current products against possible policies for future development and their likely implications in terms of cash flow, market share, return on capital employed and other key components of company objectives. A successful behavior trait taking hold for successful companies is to develop business models to assess a strategy. These models provide change models expanding on issues such as â€Å"what†, that provide a picture of the company now of analysis; and â€Å"which†, that suggest alternative action paths for the company to take. Both of these models provide information to build a more complete picture of events within the business and options for future development. Managers should make use of these models and many don†t. Those that do are more likely to be successful and have the ability to minimize risk of failure. Business managers who do are far more likely to survive. For planners and non-planners there is not a single universal technique that can be applied in all situations. Use of strategic planning models can be a very important behavior trait for successful companies. Companies that do not use strategic planning models usually don†t because the model does not offer what the customer wants. It may be inadequate because of its analysis of the relationship between company resources and markets. These result in advice about overall investment decisions rather than about the specifics of how to manage the alternatives in the market/business relationship can be shortsighted, since there are always alternatives in order to gain the maximum competitive advantage. Since change is so an important aspect of business continuity, many models don†t necessarily provide assiduous suggestions for what type of change should be considered. An example of modeling one such model in use by Boston Consulting Group (BCG) subdivides their profit centers into four main subdivisions. This breakdown does help in planning for strategic investment matters but it does not assist the planner in identifying a single product development proposal to investigate further from a number of alternatives. The matrix system comprises the following: 1) Stars, which are products generally with negative cash flow 2) Question marks, which are products with generally negative cash flows but with low relative market share in growing markets 3) Dogs, which are products unlikely to be generating substantial positive cash flows due to the fact that they are in slowly growing markets with low relative market shares 4) Cash cows, that are products that generating cash which have high relative market shares and are established in slowly growing markets. BCG model like the previous statement in the above paragraph does not define the product enough and does not create opportunities to explore alternatives in which to improve profitability or market share. The growth concept is divided into five separate levels one being dominant, strong, favorable, tenable and weak and relates this to the stages of market development. The stages are embryonic, growing, mature, and aging, which produce a series of strategic guidelines for company development. The market growth concept provides valuable guidance about broad policies, replacing the concept of market attractiveness in the GE matrix with stages of market growth. A PLC (product life cycle) are frameworks for planning. It suggests that specific changes in product policy should be followed after the initial product introduction. A major problem is that few products follow â€Å"typical† PLC curves. This implies that the organization evaluates the likely progress of each facet of the product†s performance over the ensuing time scale to identify particular areas where investment should be concentrated without a clear indication as to whether that product will follow the predicated path of the PLC. There are several other types of commonly used models and analysis (Product viability, Market newness, technology position, opportunity cost risk, and the Ansoff matrix) that can be employed each having strengths and weaknesses and should be applied to achieve a specific outcome. By carefully defining the likely market attractiveness for innovation and the resource environment for innovation, management can identify the types of innovation that are appropriate for a particular business unit. The key components of the market and resource environments are: 1. Market attractiveness is degrees of synergy, market size, barriers to diffusion, the expected product life and the stage of technological development. 2. Resource components are likely to be market position and personnel resource, which combine to yield a definition of the company core competence. By establishing a weighting scheme the analyst can create a three-by-three grid of market attractiveness versus resource environment to provide a measure of the likely ability of the organization to carry out particular types of innovation and the expected profitability of the proposed innovation policy. Personnel are the hearts of a continuing effective innovation policy. But, it is just as important that management and leaders are made aware of their unique roles and how crucial their behavior is upon the organization – ultimately the success of the company. Managers must be able to stimulate conversation and innovation. Leaders must be clear on how paradigm shifts and leadership is interwoven. Managers must be able to demonstrate paradigm pliancy if they are going to expect others to practice it. The more active managers can be in the search for new paradigms, the more likely those managers will be to have people work with them. An example made in the paradigm text indicated that the piston engine was on its way out in the 1970†³s because of the mandates on for a cleaner environment. Once the engine engineers stepped outside the old boundaries, they found that electronics could help to resolve the issue. Managers must facilitate and encourage cross talk. More and more the answer to a particular problem will lie with someone else and if you don†t apply the cross communication, that idea won†t be brought to surface effectively. It†s especially important that managers listen. Even when some ideas sound off the wall, you want people to approach with their ideas in an on-going fashion. On the other hand, the merger of these ideas though on their own may seem a bit far-fetched; when combined they offer leverage for the manager to generate great and unique solutions. In the text, Paradigm, the author Joel Arthur Barker defines a leader, as a person one will follow to place one wouldn†t go by himself or herself. To be successful in the twenty-first century means that leaders will need to be competent on managing within a paradigm and leading between paradigms. One without the other will not work. Successful leaders tend to lead to new paradigms in a variety of ways. Leaders need to be aware of the pattern of choices that occur during paradigm shifts. Typically three opportunities emerge: 1. Keep the paradigm; change your customer 2. Change your paradigm; keep your customer 3. Change your paradigm; change your customer Warren Bennis set forth a list of characteristics of leaders in the May 1990 issue of training magazine. The manager administers; the leader innovates. The manager has a short-range view; the leader has a long-range perspective. The manager asks how and when; the leader asks what and why. The manager has his eye on the bottom line; the leader has his eye on the horizon. The manager accepts the status quo; the leader challenges it. Roger Milliken, CEO of Milliken and Company, a privately held textile company in South Carolina demonstrated true leadership when he began his company drive to world-class status in the early 1980†³s Though most industry experts predicted the demise of the U.S. textile industry, Milliken continued to pursue excellence. In 1990 Roger Milliken won the noted Malcolm Baldridge Award demonstrating excellence. Employees operate at different levels, some are visionaries (don†t have people following them), some are leaders, some are managers, some are leaders and even a smaller percentage have all four roles – remarkable is a company that has an individual having all four characteristics. The most important factor in sector creating innovation is the concentration on academic and theoretical concept development, which demands a specific organizational framework. They contrast with the rapid developmental demands of performance extension, technological reorganization and process innovations and with the need for close contact with the market required by other types of innovation. Therefore, three broad types of organizational patterns can be described as appropriate for components of the innovation matrix and it can be described as follows: 1. Common room – appropriate for the development of sector creating innovations 2. Rugby scrum – approaches are best for the management of performance extension, technological reorganization and process innovations and those innovations that require a close and continuing contact with the marketplace for effective control 3. Coffee shop – reformation, service, branding, design and packaging are most suited in this sector Once a company has formulated an innovation policy it must evaluate whether to acquire the expertise from outside the organization (acquisition), to borrow it (licensing), to develop it with a partner with some specific expertise in this area (joint venture), or to concentrate on developing the knowledge internally. By studying how knowledge has been acquired and the problems associated with each route, it is then possible to come to some general conclusions about the best overall method for developing competitive advantage in the 1990†³s and beyond. Behavior Traits of Successful Businesses The planner must recognize how to balance the current products against possible policies for future development and their likely implications in terms of cash flow, market share, return on capital employed and other key components of company objectives. A successful behavior trait taking hold for successful companies is to develop business models to assess a strategy. These models provide change models expanding on issues such as â€Å"what†, that provide a picture of the company now of analysis; and â€Å"which†, that suggest alternative action paths for the company to take. Both of these models provide information to build a more complete picture of events within the business and options for future development. Managers should make use of these models and many don†t. Those that do are more likely to be successful and have the ability to minimize risk of failure. Business managers who do are far more likely to survive. For planners and non-planners there is not a single universal technique that can be applied in all situations. Use of strategic planning models can be a very important behavior trait for successful companies. Companies that do not use strategic planning models usually don†t because the model does not offer what the customer wants. It may be inadequate because of its analysis of the relationship between company resources and markets. These result in advice about overall investment decisions rather than about the specifics of how to manage the alternatives in the market/business relationship can be shortsighted, since there are always alternatives in order to gain the maximum competitive advantage. Since change is so an important aspect of business continuity, many models don†t necessarily provide assiduous suggestions for what type of change should be considered. An example of modeling one such model in use by Boston Consulting Group (BCG) subdivides their profit centers into four main subdivisions. This breakdown does help in planning for strategic investment matters but it does not assist the planner in identifying a single product development proposal to investigate further from a number of alternatives. The matrix system comprises the following: 1) Stars, which are products generally with negative cash flow 2) Question marks, which are products with generally negative cash flows but with low relative market share in growing markets 3) Dogs, which are products unlikely to be generating substantial positive cash flows due to the fact that they are in slowly growing markets with low relative market shares 4) Cash cows, that are products that generating cash which have high relative market shares and are established in slowly growing markets. BCG model like the previous statement in the above paragraph does not define the product enough and does not create opportunities to explore alternatives in which to improve profitability or market share. The growth concept is divided into five separate levels one being dominant, strong, favorable, tenable and weak and relates this to the stages of market development. The stages are embryonic, growing, mature, and aging, which produce a series of strategic guidelines for company development. The market growth concept provides valuable guidance about broad policies, replacing the concept of market attractiveness in the GE matrix with stages of market growth. A PLC (product life cycle) are frameworks for planning. It suggests that specific changes in product policy should be followed after the initial product introduction. A major problem is that few products follow â€Å"typical† PLC curves. This implies that the organization evaluates the likely progress of each facet of the product†s performance over the ensuing time scale to identify particular areas where investment should be concentrated without a clear indication as to whether that product will follow the predicated path of the PLC. There are several other types of commonly used models and analysis (Product viability, Market newness, technology position, opportunity cost risk, and the Ansoff matrix) that can be employed each having strengths and weaknesses and should be applied to achieve a specific outcome. By carefully defining the likely market attractiveness for innovation and the resource environment for innovation, management can identify the types of innovation that are appropriate for a particular business unit. The key components of the market and resource environments are: 1. Market attractiveness is degrees of synergy, market size, barriers to diffusion, the expected product life and the stage of technological development. 2. Resource components are likely to be market position and personnel resource, which combine to yield a definition of the company core competence. By establishing a weighting scheme the analyst can create a three-by-three grid of market attractiveness versus resource environment to provide a measure of the likely ability of the organization to carry out particular types of innovation and the expected profitability of the proposed innovation policy. Personnel are the hearts of a continuing effective innovation policy. But, it is just as important that management and leaders are made aware of their unique roles and how crucial their behavior is upon the organization – ultimately the success of the company. Managers must be able to stimulate conversation and innovation. Leaders must be clear on how paradigm shifts and leadership is interwoven. Managers must be able to demonstrate paradigm pliancy if they are going to expect others to practice it. The more active managers can be in the search for new paradigms, the more likely those managers will be to have people work with them. An example made in the paradigm text indicated that the piston engine was on its way out in the 1970†³s because of the mandates on for a cleaner environment. Once the engine engineers stepped outside the old boundaries, they found that electronics could help to resolve the issue. Managers must facilitate and encourage cross talk. More and more the answer to a particular problem will lie with someone else and if you don†t apply the cross communication, that idea won†t be brought to surface effectively. It†s especially important that managers listen. Even when some ideas sound off the wall, you want people to approach with their ideas in an on-going fashion. On the other hand, the merger of these ideas though on their own may seem a bit far-fetched; when combined they offer leverage for the manager to generate great and unique solutions. In the text, Paradigm, the author Joel Arthur Barker defines a leader, as a person one will follow to place one wouldn†t go by himself or herself. To be successful in the twenty-first century means that leaders will need to be competent on managing within a paradigm and leading between paradigms. One without the other will not work. Successful leaders tend to lead to new paradigms in a variety of ways. Leaders need to be aware of the pattern of choices that occur during paradigm shifts. Typically three opportunities emerge: 1. Keep the paradigm; change your customer 2. Change your paradigm; keep your customer 3. Change your paradigm; change your customer Warren Bennis set forth a list of characteristics of leaders in the May 1990 issue of training magazine. The manager administers; the leader innovates. The manager has a short-range view; the leader has a long-range perspective. The manager asks how and when; the leader asks what and why. The manager has his eye on the bottom line; the leader has his eye on the horizon. The manager accepts the status quo; the leader challenges it. Roger Milliken, CEO of Milliken and Company, a privately held textile company in South Carolina demonstrated true leadership when he began his company drive to world-class status in the early 1980†³s Though most industry experts predicted the demise of the U.S. textile industry, Milliken continued to pursue excellence. In 1990 Roger Milliken won the noted Malcolm Baldridge Award demonstrating excellence. Employees operate at different levels, some are visionaries (don†t have people following them), some are leaders, some are managers, some are leaders and even a smaller percentage have all four roles – remarkable is a company that has an individual having all four characteristics. The most important factor in sector creating innovation is the concentration on academic and theoretical concept development, which demands a specific organizational framework. They contrast with the rapid developmental demands of performance extension, technological reorganization and process innovations and with the need for close contact with the market required by other types of innovation. Therefore, three broad types of organizational patterns can be described as appropriate for components of the innovation matrix and it can be described as follows: 1. Common room – appropriate for the development of sector creating innovations 2. Rugby scrum – approaches are best for the management of performance extension, technological reorganization and process innovations and those innovations that require a close and continuing contact with the marketplace for effective control 3. Coffee shop – reformation, service, branding, design and packaging are most suited in this sector Once a company has formulated an innovation policy it must evaluate whether to acquire the expertise from outside the organization (acquisition), to borrow it (licensing), to develop it with a partner with some specific expertise in this area (joint venture), or to concentrate on developing the knowledge internally. By studying how knowledge has been acquired and the problems associated with each route, it is then possible to come to some general conclusions about the best overall method for developing competitive advantage in the 1990†³s and beyond.

Water pollution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Water pollution - Research Paper Example The most significant problem with water pollution is that it endangers amphibians (and other genus) and can lead to extinction of various species without adequate steps taken to mitigate water pollution’s reoccurrences. There are many different types of water pollutants which threaten species. These include introduction of pathogens and chemicals which are dispersed into bodies of water from many different sources. Pipes, storm drains, factor-based discharges and sewer systems maintain the capability to contaminate various bodies of water. Specific contaminants, and the most common, include sodium, iron, benzene, and harmful pathogens. One of the most significant problems is that water-polluting substances tend to deplete oxygen levels in a body of water or cause a phenomenon known as turbidity, a situation in which vital light is obstructed, thereby disrupting the capability of plants to grow and even causing blockage of a water-dwelling species’ gills. When harmful chemicals are introduced into these bodies of water, it can promote the production of various diseases, increase the acidity of the water, cause dramatic shifts in temperature which are not conducive to longevity for species, an d affect the general quality of the water which impacts the reproductive cycles of water-dwelling creatures. A common water pollutant is benzene, which is often introduced into bodies of water as a result of industrial activity and through waste disposal of different consumer products such as glue and detergents. To illustrate the potential harm that benzene causes, a study was conducted in an industrial environment dedicated to producing nanotechnologies. The researchers recruited 121 different workers and performed a longitudinal study over five years. The recruited sample population was asked to allow recurring blood samples to be taken

Education policy in USA Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Education policy in USA - Term Paper Example It has often been argued that education policies adopted by USA have not been as effective as expected during the planning phase owing to the persistence of several problems. One of the critical issues in the educational policy of USA can be identified as the lack of adequate number of teachers as compared to the number of students. Consequently, there is unevenness in the student-teacher ratio that is affecting the education system of the country. Furthermore, it has been analyzed that the rise in tuition fees of the collages is also an important issue to be worth discussing in the education policy of USA. It has also been viewed that the graduation percentage of USA has been decreasing in the recent times, probably because of the rising high education prices. Evidently, the government has been concerned about such issues, and thus, USA today aims to be the best in providing education in the world and lead the world in terms of college graduates by the year 2020 assisting educationa l institutions and states with requisite funding in order to minimize financial burden on schools which in turn is expected to cut education expenses in the country (AASCU, â€Å"Top 10 Higher Education State Policy Issues for 2010† Policy Almanac, â€Å"Education†; Policy Insider, â€Å"U.S. Dept. of Education Continues Funding School Improvement Grants†). The issues mentioned above are quite significant in relation to the development of the education system of the country. For instance, less student-teacher ratio would mean that students could be able to learn more efficiently and increase their chances of success. It has also been viewed that the success or the development of the students largely depends on the teachers.... orld and lead the world in terms of college graduates by the year 2020 assisting educational institutions and states with requisite funding in order to minimize financial burden on schools which in turn is expected to cut education expenses in the country (AASCU, â€Å"Top 10 Higher Education State Policy Issues for 2010† Policy Almanac, â€Å"Education†; Policy Insider, â€Å"U.S. Dept. of Education Continues Funding School Improvement Grants†). Significance The issues mentioned above are quite significant in relation to the development of the education system of the country. For instance, less student-teacher ratio would mean that students could be able to learn more efficiently and increase their chances of success. It has also been viewed that the success or the development of the students largely depends on the teachers. Additionally, the issue of rise in tuition fees has also affected the higher education in USA by a significant extent, especially among the low-income group and middle-income group students. Although the government has been allocating requisite funding to the schools, the occurrence of recent financial turmoil as well as the recessionary conditions in the economy can be identified to have widened the issue of rising education costs in USA. Hence, as education acts as a backbone of societal development, USA needs to intervene and solve such issues as failure to do so would de-motivate people from pursuing higher education courses and thus hampering the overall progress of the society on the whole (AASCU, â€Å"Top 10 Higher Education State Policy Issues for 2010†; Hopkins, â€Å"Colleges with the Lowest Student-Faculty Ratios†). Future Prospects It has been observed that the performance of the education policy of USA in the recent years has not been

Contemporary Entrepreneurial Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Contemporary Entrepreneurial - Essay Example Information was also sourced from reliable online sources such as newspaper articles of major media houses such as CNN, and reports posted on websites of international financial and economic organizations such as the International Monetary Fund and the Organization for Economic Cooperation-operation and Development. These online reports were used because they obtain their information from official government sources and thus this information is valid. In addition, online articles of peer-reviewed economic and business journals were used because in some, cases hard copies were not available. The Greek small and medium enterprise (SME) sector plays a very crucial role in the country’s economic development. The SME sector employs the majority of Greece’s labor force and accounts for two thirds of the non-primary sector sales volume. The SME sector has particularly been important in the wake of the debt and economic crises that have been facing Greece for a couple of years now. As numerous companies went bankrupt and retrenched thousands of workers, the SME sector proved to be a valuable source of employment as it absorbed many of the employees who lost their jobs (Markatou, 2012, 56 – 65). Although many SMEs also went bankrupt because of the crisis, majority of them survived, and many start-ups are still coming up as a result of entrepreneurship driven by innovation. The general decrease in demand for goods due to falling income levels led to fierce competition among SMEs forcing businesses to initiate value-driven innovations in a bid to obtain an ed ge over competitors. Through the PESTLE analysis, this report evaluated the competitiveness of Greek SMEs by analyzing the factors that affect the ability of businesses to become or remain competitive. Factors that this report analyzes are the PESTLE factors which include political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors. The political factors that affect the ability of

The Role of Consumer Behavior in Marketing Decisions Research Paper - 2

The Role of Consumer Behavior in Marketing Decisions - Research Paper Example From this study it is clear that  nearly every respondent attested to the fact that McDonalds is a big market player in food products. This is because with regard to the food products that do well in the summer across the various market segments, every respondent gave an indication of having bought them in less than a week. The young market has a higher preference for McDonalds’ products than in the older market segments. It is clear that the older age segment still has a significant attraction to the McDonalds’ range of products. The most elaborate choice for McDonalds’ ice cream products in the summer has however been among the children, youths and young adults. All the respondents had a recent purchase experience with a McDonald’s product.  This paper outlines that  in order to find out the actual brand preferences that the respondents had for the various products offered at McDonalds, personal opinion was from each of the respondents. A question was asked regarding the specific brand choices and the decision making process behind them from each of the respondents. The three children and one adult bought vanilla ice cream cones from McDonalds while one young adult and two adults had chocolate dipped ice cream products.  Two of the remaining young adults bought strawberry yoghurt from McDonalds. Some of the reasons behind the decision to purchase the preferred product from McDonalds included identity with the company for all the children while one of the adults was having fun with his young son.

Fire extinguishers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fire extinguishers - Essay Example personnel to have adequate training in fire suppression, familiarize with the location of fire extinguishers and demonstrate competency towards the task. It is important for individuals to keep one or several fire extinguishers in their households. They play a crucial role within the household because by minimizing property damage and safeguarding life (Burke, 2007). Apparently, power interruptions can have detrimental effects on numerous households. The situation necessitates the need to have at least one fire extinguisher in the house because it will assist greatly in minimizing damage. Households that depend on firefighters to control fire incidents suffer increased risks because they may take a while to arrive at the scene. The situation implies that more damage will occur than when an individual would otherwise have tried to contain the situation with a fire extinguisher. They assist in controlling fire before it gets out of control thereby minimizing the resultant damage. It does not make sense in having a fire extinguisher at home and yet lack the technique and skills necessary to operate it. Therefore, it is imperative for individuals to have adequate knowledge on the use of fire extinguishers as well as the safety measures. An individual trained to suppress a fire incident is aware on how to hold the equipment with the nozzle pointing away from the individual and aiming low. Essentially, learning on how to use fire extinguishers equips an individual with essential skills on how to use the equipment correctly in case of any fire incident. Burke (2007) affirms that learning how to control the fire before it gets out of control will play a vital role in safeguarding lives and minimizing the amount of property destroyed. Knowledge on refilling fire extinguishers ensures that an individual is well prepared to offset fire incidents as opposed to waiting for fire fighters who might take time to arrive at the scene. The response time for fire fighters is

Statistics 401 Mod 4 SLP - Regression Analysis Coursework

Statistics 401 Mod 4 SLP - Regression Analysis - Coursework Example The points so formed when the variable values of SAL are plotted against the variable values of the DJIA would have a line of best fit which can be attached to a specific mathematical formula. The mathematical formulae might be linear, exponential, logarithmic, polynomial, moving average and the like. By making use of this formulae, it would be possible to make predictions of other values of the variable SAL and the variable values of the DJIA given the corresponding variable values. Below is a copy of the data that I have collected to date:- SEX AGE SAL(K) DJIA 1 39 23 14 2 29 33 16 2 18 32 16 1 21 54 12 1 50 48 18 2 49 37 16 1 62 70 15 2 23 23 12 1 20 36 13 1 30 35 14 2 32 21 11 1 48 55 16 This data forms a regression pattern and indeed can be used for the prediction of a corresponding element of the data given one. My stock's closing price can be determined from the closing value of the DJIA. The null hypothesis of this distribution is that â€Å"My stock's closing price cannot b e determined from the closing value of the DJIA†. It is usually a statement in negation form which this one is precisely. On the other hand, the alternative hypothesis is that; â€Å"My stock's closing price can be determined from the closing value of the DJIA†. ... In the otherwise case, then the null hypothesis is not right and the alternative hypothesis is taken as the right resolution. I computed a simple regression using the values of the SAL variables as the Y- value and the values of the DJIA variables as the X- values. By so doing, I found the regression results as shown in the screen short below. As can be seen from the results, their indeed is a very slight relationship between My stock's closing price and the closing value of the DJIA. The p-value from the results is very large as it is 2.8. this p- value is much larger than the acceptable value of 0.5. It establishes that indeed the null hypothesis is true. In that regard, I can comfortably say that to some great extent, My stock's closing price cannot be determined from the closing value of the DJIA. This implies that other mechanisms have to be employed in an effort to establish my stock's closing price. REFERENCES Soper, H.E., Young, A.W., Cave, B.M., Lee, A., Pearson, K. (1917). "On the distribution of the correlation coefficient in small samples. Appendix II to the papers of "Student" and R. A. Fisher. A co-operative study", Biometrika, 11, 328-413.

LLB Law of Contract Written Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

LLB Law of Contract Written Assignment - Essay Example The seller (Fred) offered to sell the coffee table to his friend Gary for 450 pounds. This differs by 50 pounds as to the original offer of 500 pounds in the newspaper advertisement. Gary accepted the offer. However, Fred did not know of it as he always forgot to check his email everyday. To assure that Fred will know of his acceptance, Gary sent him a letter by post but Fred did not receive it on time. To analyze the circumstance, there could have been a valid contract if Fred only knew of Gary’s acceptance and confirmed it. It could also be stated that it was Fred’s fault why he was not informed of the buyer’s acceptance. With due praise to Gary, he even instituted another way just for Fred to be aware of his willingness to buy the table. As provided under article 2.205, paragraph 1 of The Principles of European Contract Law, a contract is concluded if the offeree’s acceptance of the offer reaches the offeror. This means that knowledge of the acceptance is a necessary requirement for an agreement to be legally binding. In the instant situation, Fred did not know of Gary’s acceptance. Thus, no contract has been formed. Fred could have checked his email for Gary’s reply as he used it in making the offer. In other words, he could have been logical in forming the contract with the buyer. Clearly, the buyer is of no fault. Nevertheless, Gary is not left without hope. He can still buy the table under the provision on late acceptance. In such section of the law, Gary needs to have Fred’s acknowledgement that he lately received the offer and that he still desires or intends to confirm it. As contained in Article 2.207, late acceptance is to be considered effective if the offeror or the seller informs the offeree (the buyer) that he or she deems it as such (â€Å"The Principles†). Moreover, it must be shown by Gary that he has sent his acceptance in such a way that if it was transmitted normally, the seller could have received it in due time (â€Å"The Principles†). He actually tried to send Fred a letter of his acceptance by post. However, due to a mistake at the post office sorting area, his letter was to arrive only after two weeks. Gary should emphasize this event to Fred. If that happens, a late acceptance will accrue. Fred should not worry of his transaction with Gary. There was no legally binding contract formed. The ultimate decision still depends on him. Second Scene In the second scenario, a buyer who has read the seller’s advertisement offered to buy the table but only for 470 pounds. Fred replied with a condition. He also promised the buyer (Harriet) that he will not be selling the table to anyone as soon as she could raise the desired amount. In doing this, Fred presumed that Gary was not interested to buy the table. Luckily, the buyer was able to raise the money and left a message on Fred’s answer machine. Fred did not hear the phone. Thus, he never bother ed to operate the machine. As a result, he was not aware of Harriet’s compliance of the condition. With regard to this instance, an agreement could have been made if Fred knew of Harriet’s compliance of the condition and acknowledged it. It can be contended that the reason of such failure was not due to Fred’s fault. He inadvertently did not hear the phone while he was in the garden. Also, Fred doesn’t actually know how to operate the answer machine. Article 2.201 of the law states that a proposal shall result to an offer if (1) it is purposefully made to amount to a

The dramatic events and language of Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

The dramatic events and language of Romeo and Juliet Essay Love and hate both occur many times during the course of the play, love and hate could be addressed as the two main focuses from the play. The play, Romeo and Juliet, is a tragedy but it still could be said that love triumphs over hate by the end of the play. The final scene of the play ends with Romeo killing himself when he finds out Juliet is dead and Juliet waking from sleep and finding Romeo dead. The two families, Montagues and Capulets, then put an end to their long reigning feud. This is when it could be said that love conquers hate, however this could also be viewed as a hollow victory, this describes that although the feud has been put to an end many lives have been lost in the process, including: Romeo, Juliet, Mercutio, Tybalt and Paris. When Juliet and Paris are found dead that is when the first signs of caring between the two feuding families start to emerge, unfortunately for the two families and the whole of Verona they realise that the feud was pointless after so many lives have been lost and even their own children having died. Between the Montagues and Capulets an ancient grudge exists, the prologue from the play tells us a summary of the events that happen within the play a pair of star-crossed lovers take their life, how long the play is is now the two hours traffic of our stage. The prologue also tells us things like where the play is set In fair Verona and how long the play will be Is now the two hours traffic of our stage. The prologue and act 1 scene 1 tells us who the feud is between, the two rival families the Capulets and the Montagues, however between the prologue and act 1 scene 1 the play still fails to tell us why the two families hate each other. In act one scene one the fight between the two Capulet servants and the Montague servants is started even by the two sides seeing each other, this demonstrates how seriously the feud is taken between the two families, not only do the masters of the Capulets and Montagues fight between each other but the feud even extends to the servants of each family. Although the fight is implied that it will start when the servants of the two families see each other it in fact begins when the servants from each family insult each other Nay, as they dare. I will bite my thumb at them, which is disgrace to them if they bear it. The main individual characters within the play act differently towards the feud and how it is dealt with. Tybalt is known as the prince of cats for his swordsmanship, Tybalts lust for fighting and victory over the Montagues fuels the feud a great deal. As it is seen when Tybalt kills Mercutio, Romeo then takes his revenge on Tybalt by killing him, this again fuels the feud. Tybalts attitude is more warlike than many other characters, he tries to start fights rather than attempting to stop them, which is more like Benvolio attempts to do. Capulet is another character who alongside Tybalt, can be seen as trying to keep the feud going until the Capulet family wins. He usually is not involved within the actual fights but tries to show his youthfulness by appearing like he would like to fight alongside the rest of his family members. He doesnt appear to actively encourage the fighting in the feud like Tybalt does, however he does seem to enjoy the fighting that occurs from the feud right up until the end of the play, after Romeo and Juliet die. Montagues character is more neutral, he wants the Montague family to win the feud however he doesnt encourage the fighting, he seems to want a peace more than a war between each family although he would like to see this peace at the hands of a Montague victory. Benvolio is seen within the play as a peacemaker, early on during the play Benvolio attempts to stop a fight between the two war waging families, although he successfully does this later on he appears to not be as successful. The Prince acts as the main peacemaker of the play Will they not hear? What ho, you men, you beasts! That quench the fire of your pernicious rage with purple fountains issuing from your veins. Later on during the play the Prince becomes more forceful at attempting to stop the feud; firstly he threatens to end the life of those who disobey his command to stop the feud whilst secondly he banishes Romeo from Verona to Mantua. The Princes attitude towards the feud can therefore be summarised by saying that he is wholeheartedly against the fighting that the feud produces and the feud itself, we can assume this from the punishments he threatens, the punishments he gives and the way in which he speaks about his negative view on the feud.

Political Issues Relating to Immigration Essay Example for Free

Political Issues Relating to Immigration Essay Reaction to the immigration problem in the United States is as diverse as the people living in the country. There are common public and political opinions on immigration; there is also factual information, which alters positions. The media plays a major role in how people react to the issue of immigration in the United States of America. There is a lot of news lately with a focus on immigration and undocumented persons in the United States. Illegal immigration has been present in the United States for a long time. The first law that the United States had against persons entering the United States was against convicts or prostitutes to enter the country. From 1892 to 1954 Ellis Island admitted over 12 million legal immigrants. Now the United States has quotas on how many can migrate to the country. Illegal immigration became more of a problem being looked at in the twentieth century. Then End Illegal Immigration group states, â€Å"Today, over one million immigrants enter our country per year, while illegal alien population rows by about five hounded thousand per year† (End Illegal Immigration, April, 2011). In May of 2011, the latest version of the DREAM Act was introduced. The DREAM Act was first introduced in March 2009. This act stands for the Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Acts. The Dream act would enact two major changes in current law. The first would permit some immigrant students who grew up in the United States to apply for temporary legal status and eventually obtain permanent legal status and become eligible for U.S. citizenship if they go to college or serve in the U.S. military. The second would eliminate a federal provision that penalizes states that provide in-state tuition without regard to immigration status (National Immigration Law Center, 2011). Immigration has been a constant problem politically for elected officials. There cannot  be mass deportations; we cannot control every inch of the United States borders. Presidents and Congress try their hardest to develop new ideas or to improve old ideas on how to get the border control situation unde r what it should be, under control. One article from US News states, â€Å"Why, then, have we had so many Latin Immigrants, many of the illegal? Because of the apparatus of state has proved weaker that market focus: The old INS (now the CIS) and the understaffed Border Patrol have been among our least competent federal bureaucracies. And because the family unification provisions of the 1965 act allowed legal immigrants to bring in not just young children but also other relatives (â€Å"chain migration†), and because the Fourteenth Amendment makes anyone born in the United States a citizen.† (Barone, 2007). Problems such as these could be avoided in the future. Due to this opinion, I am forced into seeing that America is forcing this problem of undocumented immigrants on itself. Many of the articles found are biased on this view. The subject is sensitive for those that are illegal immigrants as well as American persons. Most articles are biased and the majority is on the American side. An example, one article read called Adverse Impacts of Massive and Illegal immigration on the United States, Blondell states, â₠¬Å"Data has long been collected about the cost to American taxpayers from illegal immigration and the presence of low skilled immigrants (2008)† Statements like this are clearly on the side of the American people. For the most part, the author uses objective means to portray the undocumented immigrants. This article’s biasness does affect the view on how many see the undocumented immigrants. Due to the articles, some look at the immigrants as criminals, sometimes murderers, or as if they are lower than life and not worth our time. It is not fair to judge or be judged for the exact same thing the colonists came to America from England and what this country was founded. There are numerous issues revolving around undocumented immigrants being in the United States. One of the biggest concerns surrounds the fact that of the economic cost. Taxpayers see the cost as unnecessary and unjust and unfair. The many illegal immigrants put a major dent in taxpayer’s accounts when it comes to healthcare and education. The taxpayers put out approximately $15-$20 billion dollars per year to provide for illegal immigrants to have a better life in the United States. Many will argue that having the illegal immigrants pick our fruits,  vegetables and work on the farms are keeping the cost of produce down due to the fact that wages paid are much lower than minimum wage. Blondell states â€Å"For every dollar spent, just 18 cents go to the farmer and one-third of the cost, or 6 cents, goes to the migrant laborer. Even if costs for farm workers increased 40 percent, the total increase in cost per household would be about $8 a year. A $1.80 head of lettuce would increase in price by at most, 10 cents. (2008). Another issue that is felt to stem from immigrants is crime. In reality they are breaking the law by crossing the border without the official papers. There are many other laws they are breaking if one sits back and thinks about it. They are evading taxes, working without permits, and faking identities. By this, using fraudulent identification cards, social security cards or driver’s licenses. There are also environmental issues surrounding this issue. These issues include poverty and language barriers. With the language barriers, it makes it very difficult to educate these people on the way of American people. As a manager, I would want my employees to be comfortable with everything around them. I would ask them if they were comfortable and what could be done to help the situation. I feel it is important for the staff to feel safe and comfortable in the environment that they come to everyday to make a living for themselves. I would also maker sure that no hurtful statements were said and not allow stereotyping. I would want my employees to get to know each other and be open with each other. I would encourage them to respect each other and the differences we all bring to the table. As much as we do not like it, illegal immigration is here and there does not seem to be to much being done to stop it. As a country, we should be open to change, but at some point we have to close the gaits and take care of what we already have here. References Barone, M. (2007). U.S. News World Report. Retrieved from http://www.usnews.com/usnews/opinion/articles/070527/4barone.htm Blondell, J. (2008). Adverse impacts on massive and illegal immigration in the United States. The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies, 33(3), 328-350. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/216799786?accountid=458 End Illegal Immigration. (April, 2011). History of Illegal Immigration in U.S. Retrieved from http://www.endillegalimmigration.com/history_of_Illegal_Immigration_in_US/ National Immigration Law Center. (2011, May). Dream Act: Summary. Retrieved from http://nilc.org/dreamsummary.html

Description Of The Social Disorganization Theory Criminology Essay

Description Of The Social Disorganization Theory Criminology Essay Criminology and other social sciences, examine numerous facets when attempting to explain what factors cause individuals to deviate from social norms Social disorganization theory,. Sociologists have established social structure theories in their efforts to connect behavior patterns to social-economic control and other social ecological factors (Social disorganization theory,). The social disorganization theory expanded from social structure theories; which states that neighborhoods with decaying social structures are more likely to have higher crime rates (The social costs,). Description of the Social Disorganization Theory Social Disorganization Theory was created by two sociologists, Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay who were connected to the University of Chicago. Due to the social problems afflicting Chicago, Shaw and McKay examined the predominant rates crime and delinquency (Wong). Creators Shaw and McKay theorized that disorganized communities plagued by poverty lacked strong social strength (Wong). In the early 1940s, Shaw and McKay conducted a study using an ecological concept of dominance, in order to explain the high percentage of criminal behavior that afflicted Chicago neighborhoods (Social disorganization theory,). Robert Park and Ernest Burgesss Concentric Zone Model was used in Shaw and McKays work (Wong). They identified five concentric zones illustrating social problems in Chicago. Shaw and McKay used this information to examine the juvenile delinquency rate in detail and to clarify why it was isolated to urban areas (Wong). Shaw and McKay believed that social disorganization was linked to immigrant groups relocating to more desirable neighborhoods Shaw and McKay discovered that high delinquency rates persisted in certain Chicago neighborhoods for long periods of time in spite of changes in the ethnic and cultural composition of these neighborhoods (Social disorganization theory, ). They discovered that neighborhoods ecological played a part in determining crime rates. Their research also revealed that high rates of crime occurred in communities that had a declining populations and property decay (Social disorganization theory,). Discussion of the Social disorganization Theory Social disorganization occurs when neighborhoods members fail to achieve united values or to solve mutual problems (Social disorganization and, ). Shaw and McKay connected social disorganization to poor unstable areas with ethnic diversity(Social disorganization and, ). Shaw and McKays studies connecting delinquency rates to physical characteristics established crucial evidences about the neighborhoods relates to crime and delinquency (Social disorganization and, ). Their work is still used as a guide today as a way of addressing crime in neighborhoods. A recent version of social disorganization theory states that strong social interactions prevent crime and delinquency (Social disorganization and, ). When members of neighborhoods are familiar with each other, the adults are more willing to get involved when children misbehave and watch for outsiders, in other words protect each other and their neighborhood (Social disorganization and, ). According to social disorganization theory, neighborhood characteristics such as poverty and ethnic diversity causes higher crime rates because they inhibit neighborhood members from working together (Social disorganization and, ). Judy Van Wyk, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, at the University of Rhode Island uses the social disorganization theory to reason that intimate violence is connected to disadvantage neighborhoods because residents lack social bonds with their neighbors (Benson, Fox, DeMaris Van Wyk, 2003). It is believed that residents of disadvantaged neighborhoods are unwilling to get involved or call the police in domestic disputes because they have weak ties to their neighbors. Women who live in disadvantaged neighborhoods are more likely to be socially isolated and are at greater risk of domestic violence (Benson, Fox, DeMaris Van Wyk, 2003). The National Surveys of Families and Households (NSFH) sample was designed to be representative of the general population of U.S. households and employed a multi-stage area probability sample. Data was gathered by conducting face-to-face interviews with 13,007 randomly selected adult respondents. The study finds that when the racial or socioecono mic configurations of neighborhoods reach certain values, neighborhoods are bound to change character (Benson, Fox, DeMaris Van Wyk, 2003). They go from being acceptable places to live for most people to being unattractive for everyone except for those who have no other choice. Change occurs mainly because whites or people of high socioeconomic status move out if they observe that too many blacks or poor persons are moving into the neighborhood (Benson, Fox, DeMaris Van Wyk, 2003). This migration decreases property values and generates an opportunity for those who were previously prevented from living in an area by high housing costs. Therefore, these neighborhoods become overrun with racial minorities and socioeconomically disadvantaged persons (Benson, Fox, DeMaris Van Wyk, 2003). These changes lead to social disorganization which causes an increase in crime rates. Social disorganization can be demonstrated by the presence of people taking drugs on the streets, dealing drug, fighting in public, crime, prostitution, or other criminal and noncriminal activities that created a sense of danger and that is seen by neighborhood as signs of the collapse in social control (Gracia Herrero, 2007). Social disorganization shows the members that their neighborhoods are dangerous places. Therefore, rendering them too scared to take an active role in boosting social order in their neighborhood; this causes them to pull away from communal life. Using data from a national representative sample of 14,994 Spaniards18 years old and older, data was gathered through face-to-face interviews after choosing individuals by quotas of sex and age (Gracia Herrero, 2007). Results revealed that contributors seeing low or moderate neighborhood social disorganization exhibited a positive attitude toward reporting domestic violence against women as compared with contributors seeing high neighborhood social disorganization (Gracia Herrero, 2007). The outcomes support the theory that perceived neighborhood social disorganization is adversely related with residents attitudes toward reporting domestic violence against women, undoubtedly as a result of a weakened sense of trust and joint effectiveness. Conclusion As suggested above, social disorganization theory continues to dominate in clarifying the impact of neighborhood characteristics such as, poverty, ethnic diversity, and residential stability, on crime rates. Regarding the future, social disorganization theory will still be applied to various forms of crime and will continue to be the motivation behind criminologists and social scientists in their exploration of criminal behavior.

Saving Free Speech -- Harassment Freedom Rights Essays

Saving Free Speech It's difficult to imagine America as a country that tolerates open discrimination and harassment of people of different race or ethnicity. Yet, somehow it is also difficult to imagine America without considering its history scarred by racial intolerance and subjugation. It's strange how a country that was supposedly founded on the fundamental assertion that all people are created equal and have the basic right to freedom from oppression continues to deal with these problems. Racial and ethnic harassment has even spread to this country's institutions of higher learning. Iowa State University is not immune to this epidemic. Consider the following incident, which occurred as recently as fall of 2003, as described in the Iowa State Daily on November 5 by columnist Amy Peet. A certain individual of the ethnic minority found her room ransacked and vandalized. Hateful notes and phone calls were left in her dorm room, and there were "phantom knocks" on her door. This person and her close friends genuinely felt disturbed, angered, and threatened. This incident is only one example; several such cases have occurred at Iowa State and other institutions across the country. The argument concerning such cases focuses on the right to free speech guaranteed to every American citizen by the First Amendment. Our Bill of Rights guarantees each person the opportunity to voice his or her own opinions without repression from the executive powers. But is it still considered `free speech' if the things that are said are meant to cause harm, discomfort, or to threaten? Does the First Amendment still protect those who would use words to such a malicious end? In an effort to deal with the rising number of claims of verbal... ...done when words are spoken. The policy on harassment becomes effective only when those mere words become actual, physical actions that place the victim in danger or institute genuine fear and discomfort. The regulation of hate speech, therefore, does not represent an infringement on the First Amendment guarantee to freedom of speech. Rather, it ensures that open, intellectual dialogue can take place in universities where hate speech has continued to become a stronger and more malignant force. Incidents of harassment and abuse are capable of being dealt with in a manner that is fair and consistent with the doctrines enshrined in the First Amendment. The enforcement of Iowa State's policy on racial and ethnic harassment is a set of principles that need to be followed in order to maintain the atmosphere of education and equal opportunity this institution represents.

Issues Raised by Use of Turnitin Plagiarism Detection Software :: Plagiarism Detection Software

Issues Raised by Use of Turnitin Plagiarism Detection Software This past week, I worked with a couple of other members of the Writing Department at GVSU to prepare a position statement on plagiarism detection software. GVSU only recently acquired a subscription to Turnitin, and myself and the other teachers were concerned that teachers in other disciplines would be unware of the issues surrounding plagiarism detection services. The following is the full text of the statement which has been distributed on our campus. Note: CCCC-IP has begun a resource page on plagiarism detection services. Issues Raised by Use of Turnitin Plagiarism Detection Software Overview Recently, Grand Valley State University purchased a site license to plagiarism detection service Turnitin.com. Faculty members who use this service can require students to submit writing assignments electronically to Turnitin, which compares student texts against Turnitin’s database of Internet sites, academic journals index, and previously student submitted papers and prepares a report indicating where in the text plagiarism has been detected. Writing submitted to Turnitin is maintained in the database for comparison against future submissions by other students. Scholars and teachers in the field of Rhetoric and Composition, as well as other academics, have discouraged the use of plagiarism detection services. We recommend that before using this service, faculty members consider several important issues raised by the use of Turnitin. Turnitin Discourages Good Pedagogical Practices Concerning Writing Because Turnitin compares student writing against a database of articles, previously submitted student writing, and web pages, it’s most easily used as a plagiarism detection service. Such use emphasizes the policing of student behavior and texts over good-faith assumptions about students’ integrity, and can shift attention away from teaching students how to avoid plagiarism in the first place. In â€Å"Defining and Avoiding Plagiarism: The WPA Statement on Best Practices,† the Council of Writing Program Administrators urges teachers to â€Å"use plagiarism detection services cautiously,† for they should â€Å"never be used to justify the avoidance of responsible teaching methods.† We recommend that teachers work toward implementing the WPA’s best practices as a long-term solution to eliminating plagiarism and building a culture of responsible participation in the creation and circulation of academic knowledge. The Writing Department and the Fred Meijer Center for Writing will be happy to host a workshop on sound pedagogical practices for eliminating plagiarism. Turnitin Can Be Ineffective for Detecting Plagiarism Experimentation by researchers and instructors has indicated that Turnitin can be ineffective in catching student plagiarism of Internet sources or can produce otherwise inaccurate results (e. Issues Raised by Use of Turnitin Plagiarism Detection Software :: Plagiarism Detection Software Issues Raised by Use of Turnitin Plagiarism Detection Software This past week, I worked with a couple of other members of the Writing Department at GVSU to prepare a position statement on plagiarism detection software. GVSU only recently acquired a subscription to Turnitin, and myself and the other teachers were concerned that teachers in other disciplines would be unware of the issues surrounding plagiarism detection services. The following is the full text of the statement which has been distributed on our campus. Note: CCCC-IP has begun a resource page on plagiarism detection services. Issues Raised by Use of Turnitin Plagiarism Detection Software Overview Recently, Grand Valley State University purchased a site license to plagiarism detection service Turnitin.com. Faculty members who use this service can require students to submit writing assignments electronically to Turnitin, which compares student texts against Turnitin’s database of Internet sites, academic journals index, and previously student submitted papers and prepares a report indicating where in the text plagiarism has been detected. Writing submitted to Turnitin is maintained in the database for comparison against future submissions by other students. Scholars and teachers in the field of Rhetoric and Composition, as well as other academics, have discouraged the use of plagiarism detection services. We recommend that before using this service, faculty members consider several important issues raised by the use of Turnitin. Turnitin Discourages Good Pedagogical Practices Concerning Writing Because Turnitin compares student writing against a database of articles, previously submitted student writing, and web pages, it’s most easily used as a plagiarism detection service. Such use emphasizes the policing of student behavior and texts over good-faith assumptions about students’ integrity, and can shift attention away from teaching students how to avoid plagiarism in the first place. In â€Å"Defining and Avoiding Plagiarism: The WPA Statement on Best Practices,† the Council of Writing Program Administrators urges teachers to â€Å"use plagiarism detection services cautiously,† for they should â€Å"never be used to justify the avoidance of responsible teaching methods.† We recommend that teachers work toward implementing the WPA’s best practices as a long-term solution to eliminating plagiarism and building a culture of responsible participation in the creation and circulation of academic knowledge. The Writing Department and the Fred Meijer Center for Writing will be happy to host a workshop on sound pedagogical practices for eliminating plagiarism. Turnitin Can Be Ineffective for Detecting Plagiarism Experimentation by researchers and instructors has indicated that Turnitin can be ineffective in catching student plagiarism of Internet sources or can produce otherwise inaccurate results (e.

societhf Rejection of Civilization in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Rejection of Civilization in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn In the novel Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, Huck decides to reject civilization. At the end of the story Aunt Sally wants to civilize him, but he refuses. He says "I reckon I got to light out for the territory ahead of the rest, because Aunt Sally, she's going to adopt me civilize me, and I can't stand it. I've been there before." Huck decides to choose against society because of all the harsh realities that he has seen first hand. Huck's early doubts of the civilized world all started with Pap. During most of his childhood, Huck had been abused both physically and mentally by his redneck guardian Pap. This man had walked into and out of Huck's life on numerous occasions. He was the only father figure in Huck's life and failed miserably at the job. Pap was the first representation of civilization to Huck and it was a sour one. It was also civilization that awarded custody of Huck to Pap. He had been screwed over too many times by the civilized world, and that was the main reason he decided to leave home. Huck ran from his troubles at home down the Mississippi River. The river is where he found his sanctuary. Jim and Huck were always safe, independent, and free out on the raft. It seemed that every time they would go to shore, something negative involving civilization would arise. The dark side of human nature and suffering would meet up with the two of them. They always stumbled upon the under-belly of society. The symbol of human suffering was the Grangerfords family. When Huck found himself in front of their farm after the ship wreck, his first impression was a positive one. He thought that the Grangerfords were a pleasant, normal family. However the dark secrets that existed within the family could make skin crawl. The paintings and writings made by Emmeline Grangerford, who died when she was fourteen, are of rather morbid subjects. She was a messed up child that came from a bizarre, disturbed family. They had a feudal war going with another family where constant deaths and suffering took place. Just before Huck leaves, his age equivalent and societhf Rejection of Civilization in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays Rejection of Civilization in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn In the novel Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, Huck decides to reject civilization. At the end of the story Aunt Sally wants to civilize him, but he refuses. He says "I reckon I got to light out for the territory ahead of the rest, because Aunt Sally, she's going to adopt me civilize me, and I can't stand it. I've been there before." Huck decides to choose against society because of all the harsh realities that he has seen first hand. Huck's early doubts of the civilized world all started with Pap. During most of his childhood, Huck had been abused both physically and mentally by his redneck guardian Pap. This man had walked into and out of Huck's life on numerous occasions. He was the only father figure in Huck's life and failed miserably at the job. Pap was the first representation of civilization to Huck and it was a sour one. It was also civilization that awarded custody of Huck to Pap. He had been screwed over too many times by the civilized world, and that was the main reason he decided to leave home. Huck ran from his troubles at home down the Mississippi River. The river is where he found his sanctuary. Jim and Huck were always safe, independent, and free out on the raft. It seemed that every time they would go to shore, something negative involving civilization would arise. The dark side of human nature and suffering would meet up with the two of them. They always stumbled upon the under-belly of society. The symbol of human suffering was the Grangerfords family. When Huck found himself in front of their farm after the ship wreck, his first impression was a positive one. He thought that the Grangerfords were a pleasant, normal family. However the dark secrets that existed within the family could make skin crawl. The paintings and writings made by Emmeline Grangerford, who died when she was fourteen, are of rather morbid subjects. She was a messed up child that came from a bizarre, disturbed family. They had a feudal war going with another family where constant deaths and suffering took place. Just before Huck leaves, his age equivalent and

Pasta Hut and Pizza Hut: product life cycle Essay

On April 2008, Pizza Hut announced the introduction of a new product line called the â€Å"Tuscani Pasta†. Like any product, this product has a life cycle. Different strategies should be maintained through each stage of the cycle in order to move the product throughout the cycle. 1.Introduction Stage:The main purpose of this stage is to introduce the new product to the market. The company must be aware of the tremendous amount of time and money which will be spent at this stage in order to attract consumers, grab their attention to this new product, and make them try it. In this stage, there are several strategies for the company to follow: †¢The company must well advertise their new product and obtain a trademark for it so customers will be aware about this product. Pizza Hut had spread many of announcements about their new product â€Å"Pasta Hut†. They alerted the customers by several ways:Pizza Hut’s web site was redesigned and many attractive pictures of the new pasta were added in their homepage. They also created a new URL to market the Tuscani Pasta. In addition, they gave out coupons and they advertized the new product everywhere in the newspaper, magazines, and TV. †¢At this stage, sale growth might be slow. So, it is recommended to keep the price relatively high in order to overcome the high costs associated with introducing the new product. Therefore, the revenue may be low, too. †¢At the beginning, the distribution must be limited until people become more familiar with the product. Pasta Hut has followed this pattern by introducing this new product in main cities that are known with their multi-cultural population. †¢A company should also start first with one or few products in order to test the customer’s reaction. As in Pasta Hut, they produced only two types: creamy Chicken Alfredo and Meaty Marinara. 2.Growth Stage:In the growth stage, the highest rate of sales for the company is maintained. The raise in the number of customers who are aware of the  product will lead to rapid growth in revenue. During this stage, competitors have just started to arise and they are still in the introduction stage. This stage is the best time of every new product where the costs are less and the revenue is high and strategies can include: †¢Increase the amount of advertisements to build brand preferences and to attract new target market. For instance, Past Hut made more ads and added new slogans to the ads to attract more customers. They gave it an Italian name (Tuscani Pastas) to give it a classy Italian atmosphere and to attract different ethnic groups. They also put some ads, which shows the pastas as a luxuries meal and not a fast food. †¢Price can be maintained at the same level if the company noticed the demand is increasing. In some situations, the company can reduce the price as a strategy to attract new customers who cares about the price. In the case of Tuscani Pasta, a reduction in the price can be a clever idea to attract students and labors. †¢It is the best time to expand the distribution of the product to draw as many customers as the company can before competitors can reach them. Pasta Hut started at this stage to sell their pastas in almost all Pizza Huts stores in all most all the cities. †¢This stage is the perfect time to adjust the product and to add some additional features on it. Different packaging options, and different portions are now available in the pastas of the Pasta Hut. 3.Maturity Stage:This is the longest and the most challenging stage where a company wants to maintain its success, increase the market share, and extend the products life cycle with the existence of high and tough Competitors who offer similar products with competing futures and prices. In order to uphold this success for the longest period:†¢The company must put more effort on advertising to establish loyal customers. These ads must let the product seem more unique and improved. For example: Pasta Huts new logo  may contain the words bigger, better, or more flavor. They also can offer promotions on their Pastas. †¢Price should be lowered because the competition is higher and it is a great way to attract the consumer. †¢New distribution channels must be added and different incentives can be introduced. In this case Pasta Hut can give offers to students or other target customers so they keep their loyalty. †¢A good step is to bring in a new line in the product, apply some modifications, or add some other features to the product be able to differentiate it from other competitor’s products. In this case, Pizza Hut can introduce additional types of pastas with different flavors and additional contents. 4.Decline Stage:During the decline stage, or sometimes referred to the aging stage, the public taste will change, new technologies will enter the market, and the market will be full of competitors and many other similar products. In this case, the competition is high and demand on the product probably will be low. Therefore, cost for producing this product might increase and revenues will decrease. The only factor that makes the product continue its production is the loyal customers. For that reason: †¢Marketers should study their product lines to know which is the most popular one and decide whether to keep producing it or no. For instance Pasta Hut can only keep the two most popular pastas in their lines. †¢Distribution must be more selective in places where the demand on the product is high. For example, Pasta Hut can sell its product only in universities’ food court if they found high demand of this pasta in universities’ food court. This is the last stage in the product life cycle. After that, if the company  noticed that this product is not beneficial anymore (the cost is increasing and revenues are not covering this cost), they should stop producing this product and think of another product line. 1 QuickMBA, â€Å"The Product Life Cycle†, 2 MSNmoney, â€Å"Pasta Hut: Millions and Millions Sold†, 3 Pizzahut, 4 USAtoday, â€Å"Pizza Hut preparing pans of pasta for delivery†, 5 PRweek, â€Å"Pizza Hut scores big with Tuscani Pastas†,

Haemochromatosis

In medicine, Iron overload Indicates accumulation of iron In the body from any cause. The most important causes are hereditary haemochromatosis, a genetic disorder. and transfusional Iron overload, which can result from repeated blood transfusion. Terminology Haemochromatosis or haemoslderosls Historically, the term haemochromatosis was initially used to refer to what is now more specifically called haemochromatosis type 1 . Currently, haemochromatosis Is mostly defined as iron overload with a hereditary/primary cause, or originating from a metabolic disorder.However, the term is currently also used more broadly to refer o any form of Iron overload, thus requiring specification of the cause, for example, hereditary haemochromatosis. Hereditary haemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive disorder with estimated prevalence In the population of 1 In 200 among patients with European ancestry, with lower incidence in other ethnic groups. The gene responsible for hereditary haemochromatosis is located on chromosome 6; the majority of hereditary haemochromatosis patients have mutations in this HFE gene.Hereditary haemochromatosis Is characterized by an accelerated rate of Intestinal iron absorption and progressive iron deposition in various tissues that typically egins to be expressed in the third to fifth decades of life, but may occur In children. The most common presentation is hepatic cirrhosis in combination with hypopituitarism, cardiomyopathy, diabetes, arthritis, or hyperpigmentation. Because of the severe sequelae of this disorder if left untreated, and recognizing that treatment is relatively simple, early diagnosis before symptoms or signs appear is Important.In general, the term haemoslderosls Is used to Indicate the pathological effect of iron accumulation in any given organ, which mainly occurs in the form of haemoslderln. Sometimes, the simpler term siderosls Is used Instead. Other definitions distinguishing haemochromatosis or haemosiderosis that are oc casionally used include: Haemosiderosis Is haemochromatosis caused by excessive blood transfusions, that is, haemosiderosis is a form of secondary haemochromatosis.Haemoslderosls is haemoslderln deposition within cells, while haemochromatosis Is haemosiderin within cells and interstitium. Haemosiderosis is iron overload that does not cause tissue damage, while haemochromatosis does. Haemosiderosis Is arbitrarily differentiated from haemochromatosis by the reversible nature of the iron accumulation In the reticuloendothelial system. Clinical presentation Organs commonly affected by haemochromatosis are the liver, heart, and endocrine glands.Haemochromatosis may present with the following clinical syndromes: Cirrhosis of the liver Diabetes due to pancreatic islet cell failure Cardiomyopathy Arthritis Testicular failure Tanning of the skin Joint pain and bone pain 1 OF3 causes The causes can be distinguished between primary cases and less frequent secondary cases . People of Celtic, Br itish, and Scandinavian origin have a particularly high incidence of whom about 10% are carriers of the gene and 1% sufferers from the condition.Primary haemochromatosis The fact that most cases of haemochromatosis were inherited was well known for most of the 20th century, though they were incorrectly assumed to depend on a single gene. The overwhelming majority actually depend on mutations of the HFE gene discovered in 1996, but since then others have been discovered and sometimes are grouped together as â€Å"non-classical hereditary haemochromatosis†, â€Å"non-HFE related hereditary haemochromatosis†, or â€Å"non-HFE haemochromatosis†. Most types of hereditary haemochromatosis have autosomal recessive inheritance, while type 4 has autosomal dominant inheritance.Secondary haemochromatosis Severe chronic haemolysis of any cause, including intravascular haemolysis and ineffective erythropoiesis Multiple frequent blood transfusions, which are usually needed ei ther by individuals with hereditary anaemias or by older patients with severe acquired anaemias such as in myelodysplastic syndromes Excess parenteral iron supplements, such as what can acutely happen in iron poisoning Excess dietary iron Some disorders do not normally cause haemochromatosis on their own, but may do so in the presence of other predisposing factors.These include cirrhosis, teatohepatitis of any cause, porphyria cutanea tarda, prolonged haemodialysis, and post-portacaval shunting. Diagnosis There are several methods available for diagnosing and monitoring iron loading including: Serum ferritin Liver biopsy MRI Serum ferritin is a low-cost, readily available, and minimally invasive method for assessing body iron stores.However, the major problem with using it as an indicator of iron overload is that it can be elevated in a range of other medical conditions unrelated to iron levels including infection, inflammation, fever, liver disease, renal disease, and cancer. Also, total iron binding capacity may be low, but can also be normal. The standard of practice in diagnosis of haemochromatosis was recently reviewed by Pietrangelo. has been extensively validated. More than 11,000 FerriScans have now been conducted in over 120 medical centres across 25 countries.FerriScan is now specifically recommended as a method to measure liver iron concentrations in clinical practice guidelines for thalassaemias, sickle cell disease myelodysplastic syndrome and hereditary haemochromatosis. Family members of those diagnosed with primary haemochromatosis may be advised to be screened genetically to etermine if they are a carrier or if they could develop the disease. This can allow preventative measures to be taken. Prognosis A third of those untreated develop hepatocellular carcinoma.

A Sartrean Life

Sartre holds that â€Å"existence precedes essence. † A human being is simply what he or she wills to be. Sartre believes that we are defined by what we do. We are what we choose to do. Existentialism is not an easy concept to explain, and Sartre agreed. He summed up existentialism as existence precedes essence. What does that really mean? Sartre explained it using the analogy of the paper cutter. He said that an artisan whose inspiration came from a concept made the paper cutter. The artisan referred to the concept of what a paper cutter was and created it with a known method of production (part of the concept of the cutter) with a routine. The paper cutter was produced a certain way creating on certain use for it. Therefore, the essence (the pre-production intent and method of creation) came before the actual existence of the paper cutter, its intent and plan for production was already determined. Existentialism is the opposite of this. If it were existentialism, the cutter would have been created at random without anyone knowing the intent of it until the artisan determined an intent for the cutter after its production. Following this line of thought, I find myself in a situation where there would be no despair at all because all the hope lies in ones self. I define myself and my purpose in my life and I then take responsibility for my choice by living out my self-determined purpose. . The supreme virtue of existentialism is ultimate choice. This can only have been obtained if I am true to myself. I also have to take responsibility for my own actions because I choose my own actions and must live with the consequences. I can choose what I become and have to live with it, but I can change it to create a better fit if I thought my choice wasn't totally correct. Although Sartre’s philosophy has many advantages and it builds itself on the belief that we create our own choices and we are responsible for ourselves. I believe that many people will not take the challenge or back out in fear of the responsibility. This occurs because there is no way for the people to know for sure that the choice they make as their definition of themselves is correct. This creates a fear in many people, a fear of being wrong and a fear that being wrong could lead to their demise. Sartre admitted there was much anguish in taking the existential challenge because there was no way of knowing one was right. Sartre's advice to the leery was to be human, stick to ones self, and just hope for the best. This was the point where existentialism neared the thin line between philosophy in religion because to take this challenge, people had to have a belief in themselves in order to stick with their choices. Existentialism got much criticism not only because it was mainly atheistic, but also because of the morals it created. Actually, the morals were not created by existentialism, but by existentialists. They created their own morals and values to comply with choosing their own purposes in life. The meaning of their lives directly paralleled the values chosen, in fact Sartre thought that the values chosen is what ones meaning of life was based upon. This idea was strongly criticized by many people because they feared that this could create anarchy. If everyone created their own values, there would be no set laws in which to obey. Sartre stated that ones conscience would be able to determine between right and wrong; and that one could tell if their choice of action served an injustice to another person. Many were very skeptical of this, however; fearing that, for example, backing out of an agreement was acceptable to some, but would not be acceptable to others. In conclusion, despite the large amount of criticism, Sartre was widely followed and looked upon highly by many. He could support his ideas with reason and logic. These ideas appealed to large amounts of people because of the circumstances they were in. The timing of Sartre was part of what created such a large following. Throughout history, change and the following of new and sometimes radical ideas came right after a large disaster in which people were left in despair looking for hope. If there is one thing to remember about existentialism it is that existence precedes essence. If one is an existentialist or not: one gets out of life what one puts in; the meaning of our lives comes not from what happens in our lives, but what we do in them; and every one of us are actors on the stage of life. In closing, Sartre said it best when he commented, â€Å"Man is encompassed by his own existence and there is no exit. â€Å"